41. Pole: Poles are the two extreme
points on the earth surface which is located in two directions namely North
Pole and South Pole. It divides the earth surface into two hemispheres
namely Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere. Note: With respect to
directions the earth could be divided into four hemispheres namely Northern
hemisphere, Southern hemisphere, Western hemisphere and Eastern hemisphere.
42. Anamorphism: Anamorphism
is a method of producing a special type of thematic map in which the
external boundaries is of less concern. The objective of anamorphism is to
modify the External Boundary with respect to some attributed data means to
expand or shrink the boundary with respect to a variable with some
topological constraints such as: topology and adjacency of the boundaries
should be maintained so that the area could be identifiable. Note: The
shape of the concerned area could be distorted in case of extreme values.
43. Import: Import is a process of
taking data from external database into GIS attribute table. Note: We can
make various types of configuration and links in the importing process e.g.
in the process of dynamic linking one could dynamically link the external
database with the attribute table of the map so that the changes made to
either of these database should be reflected into Bi-directional way.
44. Export: This is reciprocal to
import. It means sending GIS data to external database for manipulations or
treatment into external environment.
45. Roadmap: This
resembles the basic map and coverage of an area to be mapped.
46. Network: In GIS
arena logically it is the lattice of road constructed on the study area
surface for the purpose of routing.
47. Resolution: Technically
the meaning of resolution resembles to the active screen area coverage
(e.g. 800*640 pixels…etc.) which depends upon the aspect ratio of the
screen which is the rate of horizontal scanning versus vertical scanning of
the screen.
48. Dynamic Linking: Dynamic linking is a mode of linking between
two databases with the help of the configuration so that the two databases
can share data in real time mode.
49.
Sector: Sector
is the section cut from a 3-Dimensional surface with specific angles.
50. Legend: In GIS
arena legend is the only source for identifying objects of study area of
the earth’s surface which are presented in the graphical format. In-fact
the legends and annotations are the only source of the information of a
map.
51. Statistical Analysis: It is the analysis made on the map with respect
to one or more variables. It include all standard type of statistical
functions e.g. calculation of mean, median, mode, standard deviation, all
types of distributions, analysis of variance, student-t-test,
chi-square-test etc.
52. Vehicle Tracking: This
enables the users to track the vehicle of interest in real time mode using
GPS (Global positioning System) module of GIS.
53. Annotation: Annotation
is the addition of notes (text or diagrams), comments, and explanation with
a geographic object for the sake of clarity of understanding of map’s
object.
54. Geo-referencing: Geo-referencing is the process of converting
spatial (Globe’s) coordinates into Geographic (Real World’s) coordinates
system. So that an object of 3-Dimensional surface could be represented on
to the plane paper map exactly or with minimal distortion.
55. Geo-coding: The
Geocoding module of GIS will position individual objects on a map
automatically, using an alphanumerical file as the source. Geocoding will
enable you to generate, for example, a geographical display of your
customer or prospect files, your shops, telephone boxes, bridges, etc.
56. Scale: In GIS arena the scale is
the measurement of actual surface coverage on to a 2-Dimensional map with
respect to the surface coverage on the earth. The scale takes a unit to
measure the actual measurement of the earth’s surface coverage on to a map,
which could be specified in terms of meter, kilometer, feet etc. Take for
instance, the scale 1/1000 with meter as a unit corresponds to 1-meter on
the map = 1000 meter on the surface. In the same way one could specify any
unit of measurement.
57.
Projection: In GIS sense Projection means projecting the
3-Dimensional earth’s surface on to a plane for obtaining Geographic (Real
world) coordinates of the earth surface for mapping of the study area
surface. There are various projection systems available in GIS which
conform to preserve the maximum properties of the curved earth surface
after projection on to a plane. Note: The direction of curvature or
projection direction of earth’s surface depends upon the nature and
direction of study area.
58. Digitization: Digitization is the
process of making vector objects on to a raster sheet. These vector objects
have a lot of real world and imported statistical information associated
with them. The information of the vector objects are stored in the
attribute table which is associated with each object.
59. R2V Conversion: This implies raster to vector conversion. This
is same as digitization.
60. Coordinates System: Here by coordinate system we mean to say
Geographic or real world coordinates obtained after projecting the curved
earth surface on to a plane. The coordinates system corresponds to their
respective projection systems.
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