61. Routing: Routing
is a module of the GIS which is used to trace the optimal path or paths
between any two or N-number of points under selection in static or real
time mode.
62. Global Positioning System (GPS): GPS is the module of GIS used to track or
position any thing on to surface using communication network, embedded technology,
and workstation in real time mode.
63. Digital Atlas: Bunch of
intelligent, informative maps enclosed in a book for reference or
accessibility to those maps to various groups of information seekers.
64. Remote Sensing: Remote
sensing is a technology which produces remotely sensed images or aerial
images, this technology is often termed as Aerial Imagery. The quality of produced
images through this technology could be determined by the resolution of the
images e.g. 1 meter resolution (1/4000 scale) images could be sufficient
for any type of analysis over rural or moorland areas but when one want to
see building, roads, pavements etc of urban areas then the image should be
of 25 centimeter resolution (1/1000 scale). Note: The resolution of the
images depends upon the mapping requirements.
65.
Attribute Table: In-fact
this is the database of the map. The attribute table is associated with
each object presented on the map.
66. Thematic: These are the maps
prepared with some special contexts. These maps represents information in
the form of some themes e.g. color ranges, Pie-chart, Bar-graph,
Dot-density and many more which depicts the real world information in a
easy to understand themes. Note: The themes may be easily incorporated on
to the map using GIS.
67. Vertices: The
vertices are the various ends of a polygon. Note: The polygon is an
irregular structure and each of its vertex represent a specific closure.
68. Geographic Features: The
Geographic features are the various features of the earth’s surface.
69. Study Area: By study
area here we mean to say the area to be mapped on the earth’s surface.
70. Geo-registration: Geo-registration is the process of registering
some of the coordinates of the raster image so that the raster image of an
area to be mapped could be Geo-referenced and populated with the real world
or Geographic coordinates in the process of R2V conversion.
71. Vector Re-registration: Vector Re-registration is the process of
re-registering coordinates of the vector image so that the vector image of
an area to be mapped could be Geo-referenced in different projection system
and populated with the real world or Geographic coordinates with the
respective projection system.
72. Screen Pixel: Screen pixel is the unit
of the screen which represents any thing typed and various images on the
screen. In simple term the resolution means the screen coverage and in GIS
arena the resolution of the image depends on how much area a pixel is
representing of the map
73. Detection change: This term is most often used in terms of remote
sensing. The detection change means changing of properties and resolution
of image in two different aerially mapped image.
74. Overlaying: It
resembles to superimposing layers over the surface to be mapped. The layers
could be a polygon representing county, states, country etc, lines
representing boundaries, roads, rail roads network etc, point representing
cities, urban agglomeration etc, and text representing annotation. The
purpose of layer superimposition is R2V conversion.
75. Distribution: In
statistical sense it resembles the distribution of an entity to be mapped
over a surface e.g. mapping of potential customers over a surface, mapping
of sales catchments areas etc.
76. 3D: This means 3-Dimension of
the objects to be measured on the surface. The first two dimensions could
be their locational information represented by X and Y coordinate and the
third dimension could be their altitude information represented by Z.
77. 3D Interpolation: 3-D interpolation means interpolating the
points in 3-Dimension with their respective altitude and producing the
result of interpolation in 3-Dimention. For more information on
interpolation refer to interpolation.
78.
Map-to-screen: This is the process of converting map’s
coordinate into screen’s pixels location.
79. Screen-to-map: This is
the process of converting screen’s pixel location into Geographic (Real
World) coordinates. This includes the process of Geo-registration. Refer to
Geo-registration for more detail.
80. Conversion
factor: The conversion factor is the factor which when
treated arithmetically changes the unit of measurement from one unit to
another e.g. mile to inch, kilometer to meter etc. Note: In GIS arena this
is not a simple arithmetic as used conventionally, it includes various
factors to be considered when conversion factor is to be applied e.g. scale
of the map is the major factor affecting this calculation.
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